Patellofemoral Disorders

Patellofemoral Disorders & Patellar Dislocation Treatment in Coachella Valley

Understanding Patellofemoral Disorders

Patellofemoral disorders are a group of conditions affecting the kneecap (patella) and the groove in the femur where it normally moves during knee motion. These conditions can cause pain, instability, recurrent dislocations, and limitations in daily activities or sports participation.

One of the most significant patellofemoral conditions is a patellar dislocation, which occurs when the kneecap shifts out of its normal position. While some patients experience a single dislocation, others develop recurrent instability that may require specialized treatment.

At Spencer Orthopedics, we provide comprehensive evaluation and treatment for patellofemoral disorders, helping patients restore knee stability, reduce pain, and return to active lifestyles.

What Is the Patellofemoral Joint?

The patellofemoral joint is formed by:

• The patella (kneecap)
• The femur (thigh bone)

The patella moves within a groove at the front of the femur called the trochlear groove.

This joint plays an important role in:

• Knee extension
• Walking
• Running
• Jumping
• Climbing stairs
• Athletic performance

Proper alignment of the patella is essential for normal knee function.

What Is a Patellar Dislocation?

A patellar dislocation occurs when the kneecap moves completely out of its normal groove, most commonly toward the outside of the knee.

Dislocations can occur due to:

• Trauma
• Twisting injuries
• Sports activities
• Underlying anatomical factors

In some cases, the patella returns to its normal position on its own. In others, medical intervention may be required.

Common Patellofemoral Disorders

Patellar Instability

Patellar instability occurs when the kneecap repeatedly shifts or partially dislocates during activity.

Patellar Subluxation

A subluxation is a partial dislocation in which the kneecap temporarily moves out of position before returning.

Patellar Dislocation

A complete displacement of the kneecap from its normal location.

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

Often referred to as "runner's knee," this condition causes pain around the front of the knee due to abnormal tracking or overuse.

Chondral Injuries

Patellar instability may cause cartilage damage within the knee joint.

Common Causes of Patellar Dislocation and Instability

Several factors may contribute to patellofemoral disorders.

Sports Injuries

Patellar dislocations frequently occur during:

• Soccer
• Basketball
• Football
• Volleyball
• Gymnastics

Twisting Motions

Sudden rotational forces may push the kneecap out of alignment.

Direct Trauma

A blow to the knee can result in dislocation.

Anatomical Factors

Certain structural characteristics may increase the risk of instability, including:

• Shallow trochlear groove
• Ligament laxity
• Patella alta (high-riding kneecap)
• Abnormal lower extremity alignment

Previous Dislocation

Patients who have experienced one dislocation are at increased risk of future instability episodes.

Symptoms of Patellofemoral Disorders

Symptoms vary depending on the condition and severity.

Common symptoms include:

• Pain at the front of the knee
• A sensation of the kneecap shifting
• Instability
• Swelling
• Clicking or popping sensations
• Difficulty climbing stairs
• Pain during squatting
• Fear of knee movement
• Recurrent dislocations

Following a dislocation, patients may notice immediate swelling and difficulty bearing weight.

Diagnosing Patellofemoral Disorders

A thorough evaluation is important to identify instability patterns and associated injuries.

Physical Examination

Your orthopedic specialist may assess:

• Patellar alignment
• Joint stability
• Range of motion
• Swelling
• Areas of tenderness
• Functional movement patterns

Imaging Studies

X-Rays

X-rays help evaluate:

• Patellar alignment
• Bone anatomy
• Fractures
• Structural abnormalities

MRI

MRI may identify:

• Ligament injuries
• Cartilage damage
• Bone bruising
• Loose fragments
• Associated soft tissue injuries

CT Scan

CT imaging may be used for surgical planning and evaluation of alignment abnormalities.

Non-Surgical Treatment Options

Many first-time dislocations can be treated without surgery.

Activity Modification

Limiting activities that aggravate symptoms allows healing to occur.

Bracing

Patellar stabilization braces may help improve support and confidence during activity.

Physical Therapy

Physical therapy often focuses on:

• Strengthening the quadriceps muscles
• Improving hip strength
• Enhancing balance
• Correcting movement mechanics
• Improving patellar tracking

Anti-Inflammatory Medication

Medication may help reduce pain and swelling.

Surgical Treatment Options

Surgery may be recommended when:

• Recurrent dislocations occur
• Significant instability persists
• Cartilage damage is present
• Structural abnormalities contribute to instability

MPFL Reconstruction

The medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) is one of the primary stabilizers of the kneecap.

MPFL reconstruction is commonly performed to restore stability after recurrent dislocations.

Tibial Tubercle Osteotomy

This procedure may be used to improve patellar alignment and tracking.

Trochleoplasty

In select cases, surgery may be performed to reshape the trochlear groove.

Cartilage Restoration Procedures

Additional procedures may be recommended when cartilage damage is present.

Recovery and Rehabilitation

Recovery depends on the severity of the condition and treatment performed.

Rehabilitation typically focuses on:

• Restoring motion
• Reducing swelling
• Improving strength
• Correcting movement mechanics
• Returning safely to sports and activities

Many patients achieve excellent outcomes through a structured rehabilitation program.

Potential Complications of Untreated Patellar Instability

Without appropriate treatment, recurrent instability may lead to:

• Chronic knee pain
• Repeated dislocations
• Cartilage damage
• Reduced athletic performance
• Early arthritis
• Functional limitations

Early intervention can help preserve knee health and prevent long-term complications.

When Should You See an Orthopedic Specialist?

You should seek evaluation if you experience:

• A kneecap that shifts out of place
• Recurrent instability
• Persistent knee pain
• Swelling after injury
• Difficulty participating in sports
• Ongoing symptoms despite conservative treatment

Prompt diagnosis can help identify the underlying cause and improve treatment outcomes.

Schedule an Appointment

If you are experiencing knee pain, instability, or symptoms of a patellar dislocation, contact Spencer Orthopedics today to schedule an evaluation and learn more about your treatment options.

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